Fatwa: Terrorism is ‘disbelief’

In the wake of terrorist explosions and suicide bombings around the world and in particular Pakistan which is witnessing the worst period of violence and bloodshed in its history, there is a pressing need to clarify the Islamic stance on suicide bombings and terrorism. This wave of terrorism in the last few years has not only killed hundreds of thousands of innocent people but has also damaged the reputation of Islam and Muslims.

There is no doubt that the majority of right-minded Muslims in the world condemn terrorism and accept that that it has no link with Islam. Unfortunately there are some elements within society that remain silent on this issue and this can be construed as a tacit approval of these atrocities. Moreover there are others that attempt to justify it by focusing on the politics that cause these atrocities. Today Muslims, non Muslims and government officials are looking for a leader and an authoritative figure in the Muslim world who will openly condemn suicide bombings and terrorism and clarify the misconceptions about its true Islamic viewpoint.

The only person that has been able to produce what is an unprecedented 600-page fatwa (religious edict) against terrorism is a leading authority in Islam, Dr Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri. In what is the most comprehensive edict on this topic in the history of Islam, Dr Qadri has explicated how suicide bombings and terrorism is unequivocally un-Islamic. In his Fatwa book to be published in three languages he has stated that “all these acts are grave violations of human rights and constitute disbelief (kufr) under Islamic law.”

Unfolding the background of the fatwa, he explained that their actions caused harm not just to Islam but to humanity. He also went on to say that “its existence is an open danger against the integrity of Pakistan and world peace.” He added “The entire nation should dissociate itself from these elements and condemn them in the strongest possible terms unequivocally and with one voice. It is the need of the time for Pakistan to unite among its ranks at every level.”

Dr. Tahir-ul-Qadri added that the first ever war against terror in Islamic history occurred during the Caliphate of Sayyidina Ali (r.a). The Khawarij and Harooria were a rebellious group of people and the first militant terrorists. They rejected Sayyidina Ali’s (r.a) policy of dialogue, arbitration and peaceful means of dispute resolution and they were in favour of resolution through armed conflict. They used Islamic slogans of Jihad and rebelled against the state and justified human killings according to their extremist theology. The Khawarij committed acts of terrorism and used the Divine law in their defence insisting that they were acting for the dominance of Islam. However the Prophet (peace be upon him) had already identified the Khawarij and this is recorded in more than fifty Prophetic traditions. He (peace be upon him) stated that the Khawarij were outside the ambit of Islam, had no legitimate authority to declare jihad and instead were the worst of humankind.

Moreover Dr Qadri clarified that the fatwa is not in support of the US and its allies and nor should it be taken as an approval of their policies in the region. In the same way it did not support the disputed policies of the government of Pakistan and its unpopular style of governance and undemocratic attitude.

This edict is particularly important for Britain due to the fact that the majority of Muslims are from South Asia and some extreme elements are confused about the religious viewpoint. Young British Muslims have been particularly targeted by extremist groups.

The writer Shahid Mursaleen is a spokesman of Minhaj-ul-Quran International UK and can be contacted at spokesman@minhajuk.org

Muslim inventions that shaped the modern world

By Olivia Sterns for CNN
January 29, 2010 7:53 a.m. EST

London, England (CNN) -- Think of the origins of that staple of modern life, the cup of coffee, and Italy often springs to mind.
But in fact, Yemen is where the ubiquitous brew has its true origins.
Along with the first university, and even the toothbrush, it is among surprising Muslim inventions that have shaped the world we live in today.
The origins of these fundamental ideas and objects -- the basis of everything from the bicycle to musical scales -- are the focus of "1001 Inventions," a book celebrating "the forgotten" history of 1,000 years of Muslim heritage.
"There's a hole in our knowledge, we leap frog from the Renaissance to the Greeks," professor Salim al-Hassani, Chairman of the Foundation for Science, Technology and Civilisation, and editor of the book told CNN.
"1001 Inventions" is now an exhibition at London's Science Museum. Hassani hopes the exhibition will highlight the contributions of non-Western cultures -- like the Muslim empire that once covered Spain and Portugal, Southern Italy and stretched as far as parts of China -- to present day civilization.

Here Hassani shares his top 10 outstanding Muslim inventions:
1. Surgery
Around the year 1,000, the celebrated doctor Al Zahrawi published a 1,500 page illustrated encyclopedia of surgery that was used in Europe as a medical reference for the next 500 years. Among his many inventions, Zahrawi discovered the use of dissolving cat gut to stitch wounds -- beforehand a second surgery had to be performed to remove sutures. He also reportedly performed the first caesarean operation and created the first pair of forceps.
2. Coffee
Now the Western world's drink du jour, coffee was first brewed in Yemen around the 9th century. In its earliest days, coffee helped Sufis stay up during late nights of devotion. Later brought to Cairo by a group of students, the coffee buzz soon caught on around the empire. By the 13th century it reached Turkey, but not until the 16th century did the beans start boiling in Europe, brought to Italy by a Venetian trader.
3. Flying machine
"Abbas ibn Firnas was the first person to make a real attempt to construct a flying machine and fly," said Hassani. In the 9th century he designed a winged apparatus, roughly resembling a bird costume. In his most famous trial near Cordoba in Spain, Firnas flew upward for a few moments, before falling to the ground and partially breaking his back. His designs would undoubtedly have been an inspiration for famed Italian artist and inventor Leonardo da Vinci's hundreds of years later, said Hassani.
4. University
In 859 a young princess named Fatima al-Firhi founded the first degree-granting university in Fez, Morocco. Her sister Miriam founded an adjacent mosque and together the complex became the al-Qarawiyyin Mosque and University. Still operating almost 1,200 years later, Hassani says he hopes the center will remind people that learning is at the core of the Islamic tradition and that the story of the al-Firhi sisters will inspire young Muslim women around the world today.
5. Algebra
The word algebra comes from the title of a Persian mathematician's famous 9th century treatise "Kitab al-Jabr Wa l-Mugabala" which translates roughly as "The Book of Reasoning and Balancing." Built on the roots of Greek and Hindu systems, the new algebraic order was a unifying system for rational numbers, irrational numbers and geometrical magnitudes. The same mathematician, Al-Khwarizmi, was also the first to introduce the concept of raising a number to a power.
6. Optics
"Many of the most important advances in the study of optics come from the Muslim world," says Hassani. Around the year 1000 Ibn al-Haitham proved that humans see objects by light reflecting off of them and entering the eye, dismissing Euclid and Ptolemy's theories that light was emitted from the eye itself. This great Muslim physicist also discovered the camera obscura phenomenon, which explains how the eye sees images upright due to the connection between the optic nerve and the brain.
7. Music
Muslim musicians have had a profound impact on Europe, dating back to Charlemagne tried to compete with the music of Baghdad and Cordoba, according to Hassani. Among many instruments that arrived in Europe through the Middle East are the lute and the rahab, an ancestor of the violin. Modern musical scales are also said to derive from the Arabic alphabet.
8. Toothbrush
According to Hassani, the Prophet Mohammed popularized the use of the first toothbrush in around 600. Using a twig from the Meswak tree, he cleaned his teeth and freshened his breath. Substances similar to Meswak are used in modern toothpaste.
9. The crank
Many of the basics of modern automatics were first put to use in the Muslim world, including the revolutionary crank-connecting rod system. By converting rotary motion to linear motion, the crank enables the lifting of heavy objects with relative ease. This technology, discovered by Al-Jazari in the 12th century, exploded across the globe, leading to everything from the bicycle to the internal combustion engine.
10. Hospitals
"Hospitals as we know them today, with wards and teaching centers, come from 9th century Egypt," explained Hassani. The first such medical center was the Ahmad ibn Tulun Hospital, founded in 872 in Cairo. Tulun hospital provided free care for anyone who needed it -- a policy based on the Muslim tradition of caring for all who are sick. From Cairo, such hospitals spread around the Muslim world.

For more information on muslim inventions go to: muslimheritage.com. For more information about the exhibition at London's Science Museum go to: science museum.org.uk

Source: http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/meast/01/29/muslim.inventions/index.html?hpt=Mid